MUSIC in the BAROQUE ERA FROM Monteverdi TO Bach By MANFRED R BUKOFZER PROFESSOR OF MUSIC, THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. New York NORTON tf COMPANY INO COPYRIGHT, 1947, BY W. W. NORTON COMPANY, INC. NEW YORK, N. Y. IN THE tmiTED STATES OB AMERICA FOR THE PUBLISHERS BY THE VAIL-BALLOXJ PRESS MCE IVEO R. Y CMF 1869 1943 . A. I ion. eer o CONTENTS PREFACE xiii Chapter One RENAISSANCE versus BAROQUE MUSIC i Disintegration of Stylistic Unity i Stylistic Comparison between Renaissance and Baroque Music 9 The Phases of Baroque Music 16 Chapter Two EARLY BAROQUE IN ITALY 20 The Beginnings of the Concertato Style Gabriel 20 The Monody Peri and Caccini 25 Transformation of the Madrigal Monteverdi 33 The Influence of the Dance on Vocal Music 38 Emancipation of Instrumental Music Frcscobaldi 43 The Rise of the Opera Monteverdi 55 Tradition and Progress in Sacred Music 64 Chapter Three EARLY AND MIDDLE BAROQUE IN THE NORTHERN COUNTRIES 71 The Netherlands School and Its English Background 71 English Antecedents the Abstract Instrumental Style 72 The Netherlands Sweelinck 74 Germany and Austria in the 17th Century 78 Chorale and Devotional Song 79 Chorale Motet and Chorale Concertato Schein 83 The Dramatic Concertato Schiitz 88 Continue Lied, Opera, and Oratorio 97 Instrumental Music Scheldt, Froberger, and Biber 104 Chapter Four ITALIAN MUSIC OF THE MIDDLE BAROQUE 118 The Bel-Canto Style 118 The Chamber Cantata Luigi Rossi and Carissimi 120 vii viii Contents The Oratorio Carissimi and Stradella 123 The Venetian Opera School 128 Instrumental Music the Bologna School 136 Chapter Five FRENCH MUSIC UNDER THE ABSOLUTISM 141 The Ballet de Cour 141 French Reactions to Italian Opera 147 Comedie-Ballet andTragedie Lyrique Lully 151 Cantata, Oratorio, and Church Music 161 Lute Miniatures and Keyboard Music Gaultier and Chambon niires 164 Music in the Iberian Peninsula, New Spain, and Colonial America 174 Chapter Six ENGLISH MUSIC DURING THE COM MONWEALTH AND RESTORATION 180 The Masque and the English Opera Lawes and Blow 180 Consort Music Jenkins and Simpson 190 Anglican Church Music Porter, Humfrcy, and Blow 198 Henry Purcell, the Restoration Genius 203 Chapter Seven LATE BAROQUE LUXURIANT COUN TERPOINT AND CONCERTO STYLE 219 The Culmination of Late Baroque Music in Italy 219 The Rise of Tonality 219 Concerto Grosso and Solo Concerto 222 Ensemble Sonata and Solo Sonata 232 Opera Seria and Opera B Cantata and Sacred Music 239 Late Baroque and Rococo Style in France 247 Ensemble and Clavecin Music 247 Opera and Cantata in France 253 Chapter Eight FUSION OF NATIONAL STYLES BACH 260 The State of Instrumental Music in Germany before Bach 260 The State of Protestant Church Music before Bach 268 Bach The Early Period 270 Bach the Organist Weimar 275 Bach the Mentor C5then 282 Contents ix Bach the Cantor Leipzig 291 Bach, the Past Master 300 Chapter Nine COORDINATION OF NATIONAL STYLES HANDEL 306 The State of Secular Vocal Music in Germany before Handel 306 Handel German Apprentice Period 314 Italian Journeyman Period 318 English Master Period Operas Oratorios Instrumental Music 3 2 4 Bach and Handel, a Comparison 345 Chapter Ten FORM IN BAROQUE MUSIC 35 Formal Principles and Formal Schemes 350 Style and Form 362 Audible Form and Inaudible Order 365 Chapter Eleven MUSICAL THOUGHT OF THE BAROQUE ERA 37 Code of Performance Composer and Performer 371 Theory and Practice of Composition 382 MusicalSpeculation 39 Chapter Twelve SOCIOLOGY OF BAROQUE MUSIC 394 Courtly Musical Institutions of State and Church Private Patronage 394 Civic Musical Institutions Collective Patronage 401 Social and Economic Aspects of Music and Musicians 404 APPENDICES List of Abbreviations 4 5 Checklist of Baroque Books on Music 4 X 7 Bibliography 433 List of Editions 4 i List of Musical Examples 47 1 INDEX 475 ILLUSTRATIONS Facing page PLATE i. Claudio Monteverdi 80 PLATE 2. Schutz among his Choristers 81 PLATE 3. Carissimis The Deluge 112 PLATE 4...

This vintage book contains a comprehensive treatise of Baroque music. It was written for the music student and music lover, with the aim of acquainting them with this great period of music history and helping them to gain a historical understanding of music without which baroque music cannot be fully appreciated and enjoyed. Written in simple, plain language and full of fascinating information about baroque music, this text will appeal to those interested in music but who have little previous knowledge of baroque, and it would make for a most worthy addition to collections of music-related literature. The chapters of this book include: 'Early Baroque in Italy'; 'The Beginnings of the Concertato Style: Gabrieli'; 'The Phases of Baroque Music'; 'Tradition and progress in Sacred Music'; 'The Netherlands School and Its English Background', et cetera. We are republishing this antiquarian volume now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a new prefatory biography of the author.

"A History of Baroque Music is a detailed treatment of the music of the Baroque era, with particular focus on the seventeenth century. The author's approach is a history of musical style with an emphasis on musical scores. The book is divided initially by time period into early and later Baroque (1600-1700 and 1700-1750 respectively), and secondarily by country and composer. An introductory chapter discusses stylistic continuity with the late Renaissance and examines the etymology of the term "Baroque." The concluding chapter on the composer Telemann addresses the stylistic shift that led to the end of the Baroque and the transition into the Classical period."--Jacket.

Featuring 102 music examples, this edited collection features contributions by leading scholars from the UK, United States, Australasia and Europe on what characterized the period. This collection focusses on the stylistic and cultural interchange that characterizes the musical period of the mid-Baroque (c.1650-1710). The idea of musical transition during this period is evident in two principal ways: geographical and chronological (the two often overlap). Chapters examine geographical transition by tracing the exchange of regional and national styles, while considering chronological evolution from the perspective of music theory, performance practice, source studies or specific repertoires. Studies range across instrumental and vocal music, both sacred and secular, and encompass some of the main European traditions prevalent at the time: Italian, German, French and English. The collection features contributions by leading scholars from the UK, the United States, Australasia and Europe. CARRIE CHURNSIDE is Associate Professor in Music at the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire (part of Birmingham City University).

Clear, comprehensive and with a CD that complements the text, this book focuses on the music of the Baroque period. It will assist AS/A2 music students, degree students, and also amateur performers and their teachers.

This book gives a practical method for playing the harpsichord in a way that was lost when the instrument was marginalized by the piano in the 19th century. Since a thorough knowledge of historical performance practice is such an important aspect of playing this repertoire, excerpts from relevant primary sources are given at the end of many of the lessons.

Chronological surveys of national musical cultures (in Italy, France, the Netherlands, Germany, England, and Spain), genre studies (Mass, motet, madrigal, chanson, instrumental music, opera), as well as essays on intellectual and cultural developments and concepts relevant to music (music theory, printing, the Protestant Reformation and the corresponding Catholic movement, humanism, the concepts of "Renaissance" and "Baroque").

Gateways to Understanding Music explores music in all the categories that constitute contemporary musical experience: European classical music, popular music, jazz, and world music. Covering the oldest forms of human music making to the newest, the chronological narrative considers music from a global rather than a Eurocentric perspective. Each of sixty modular "gateways" covers a particular genre, style, or period of music. Every gateway opens with a guided listening example that unlocks a world of music through careful study of its structural elements. Based on their listening experience, students are asked to consider how the piece came to be composed or performed, how the piece or performance responded to the social and cultural issues at the time and place of its creation, and what that music means today. Students learn to listen to, explain, understand, and ultimately value all the music they may encounter in their world. FEATURES Global scope—Presents all music as worthy of study, including classical, world, popular, and jazz. Historical narrative—Begins with small-scale forager societies up to the present, with a shifting focus from global to European to American influences. Modular framework—60 gateways in 14 chapters allow flexibility to organize chronologically or by the seven recurring themes: aesthetics, emotion, social life, links to culture, politics, economics, and technology. Listening-guided learning—Leads to understanding the emotion, meaning, significance, and history of music. Introduction of musical concepts—Defined as needed and compiled into a Glossary for reference. Consistent structure—With the same step-by-step format, students learn through repeated practice how to listen and how to think about music. In addition to streamed audio examples, the companion website hosts essential instructors’ resources.

Bach's cantatas are among the highest achievements of Western musical art, yet studies of the individual cantatas that are both illuminating and detailed are few. In this book, noted Bach expert Eric Chafe combines theological, historical, analytical, and interpretive approaches to the cantatas to offer readers and listeners alike the richest possible experience of these works. A respected theorist of seventeenth-century music, Chafe is sensitive to the composer's intentions and to the enduring and universal qualities of the music itself. Concentrating on a small number of representative cantatas, mostly from the Leipzig cycles of 1723-24 and 1724-25, and in particular on Cantata 77, Chafe shows how Bach strove to mirror both the dogma and the mystery of religious experience in musical allegory. Analyzing Bach Cantatas offers valuable information on the theological relevance of the structure of the liturgical year for the design and content of these works, as well as a survey of the theories of modality that inform Bach's compositional style. Chafe demonstrates that, while Bach certainly employed "pictorialism" and word-painting in his compositions, his method of writing music was a more complex amalgam of theological concepts and music theory. Regarding the cantatas as musical allegories that reflect the fundamental tenets of Lutheran theology as established during Bach's lifetime, Chafe synthesizes a number of key musical and theological ideas to illuminate the essential character of these great works. This unique and insightful book offers an essential methodology for understanding one of the central bodies of work in the Western musical canon. It will prove indispensable for all students and scholars of Bach's work, musicology, and theological studies.