This book has as its subject matter the academic education of officers and builds on the signing of the Bologna Declaration in 1999 by twenty-nine European ministers for Education and Science, who thereby agreed to coordinate higher education across Europe, by, for instance, the implementation of the Bachelor's and Master's system. In the meantime, military academies have also introduced the BaMa system into their programs for officers’ education, which marks a transition from the old days, when officers’ education took place within a national military system, under military command, and was firmly grounded in principles, traditions and needs, as professed by the Ministries of Defence and the armed forces in particular. So the Bologna Declaration can be seen as crucial leverage for the development of in-house academic degree programs as a fundamental part of officers’ education. With this volume, the editors of NL ARMS 2019 strive to offer a platform to both academics and military and civilian practitioners, as well as to combinations of these, to reflect and share their thoughts on officers’ education `before and after' Bologna, both in The Netherlands and abroad. To this end, controversies and challenges, affecting various aspects and systems of officers’ education, have been grouped into five themes. Respectively, the first four themes comprise institutional settings and change; educational philosophy; educational challenges and reflective practices; and didactical solutions. The fifth theme, international perspectives, provides insights into the strategic environments and challenges faced by sister-academies, as well as ways to further officers' education across Europe, such as offered by Erasmus programs. All the editors of this year's volume are affiliated with the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda, The Netherlands.

This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies. The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world. Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Compliance and Integrity in International Military Trade (CIIMT) Master Programme -- 1.2.1 Focus of the MSc Programme on CIIMT -- 1.2.2 Learning Styles and Structure of the MSc Programme on CIIMT -- 1.3 Outline of NL ARMS 2021 -- References -- 2 Economics of Arms Trade: What Do We Know? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Research Methodology -- 2.2.1 Scope -- 2.2.2 Selection -- 2.2.3 Research Synthesis -- 2.3 Weapons of Mass Destruction -- 2.3.1 Spreading Temptation: Proliferation and Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Agreements -- 2.3.2 Almost Nuclear: Introducing the Nuclear Latency Dataset -- 2.3.3 Research on Weapons of Mass Destruction: What Do We Know? -- 2.4 Major Weapon Systems -- 2.4.1 The Gravity of Arms -- 2.4.2 Arming the Embargoed -- 2.4.3 Arms Production, National Defence Spending and Arms Trade -- 2.4.4 Trading Arms and the Demand for Military Expenditure -- 2.4.5 Arm Your Friends and Save on Defence? -- 2.4.6 Network Interdependencies and the Evolution of the International Arms Trade -- 2.4.7 Research into Major Weapon Systems: What Do We Know? -- 2.5 Small Arms and Light Weapons -- 2.5.1 Weaponomics, the Economics of Small Arms -- 2.5.2 Research into Small Arms and Light Weapons: What Do We Know? -- 2.6 Dual-Use Goods -- 2.6.1 Exporting Weapons of Mass Destruction? -- 2.6.2 Taking a Walk on the Supply Side: The Determinants of Civil Nuclear Cooperation -- 2.6.3 Research into Dual-Use Goods: What Do We Know? -- 2.7 Analysis -- 2.8 Conclusion: An Agenda for Research -- References -- 3 Export Control Regimes-Present-Day Challenges and Opportunities -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Export Control Regimes -- 3.2.1 The Coordinating Committee for the Multilateral Export Controls -- 3.2.2 Regimes and Treaties -- 3.2.3 Characteristics Regimes.

NL ARMS 2016 offers a collection of studies on the interrelatedness of safety and security in military organizations so as to anticipate or even prepare for dire situations. The volume contains a wide spectrum of contributions on organizing for safety and security in a military context that are theoretically as well as empirically relevant. Theoretically, the contributions draw upon international security studies, safety science and organizational studies. Empirically, case studies address the reality of safety and security in national crisis management, logistics and unconventional warfare, focusing, amongst others, on rule of law during missions in which expeditionary military forces are involved in policing tasks to restore and reinforce safety and security and on the impact of rule of law on societal security. The result is a truly unique volume that may serve practitioners, policymakers and academics in gaining a better understanding of organizing for the security-safety nexus.

As an organization operating under extreme conditions, the military is often confronted with destructive behavior from individuals, organizations, and societies. Written by experts from a variety of disciplines, this open access book reflects on confrontations with violence under extreme conditions and the various challenges that arise. By examining real first-hand accounts of soldiers’ deployments, the contributions shed new light on the multifaceted and sometimes hidden dynamics of destructive violent behavior and offer an ethical reflection on military practices. In addition, they address topics such as moral decision-making in violent contexts, military trauma, organizational change, and military ethics education. The interdisciplinary exploration of these topics has been the primary focus of Désirée Verweij, who was the Chair of Military Ethics at the Netherlands Defence Academy from 2008 to 2021. The contributions in this book are written in honor of her scholarly achievements and help to ensure that these important issues continue to receive attention. The book will appeal to scholars of military studies, organizational studies and military ethics, and to professionals and decisionmakers in military organizations.

In October 2019, hundreds of thousands took to the streets of Lebanon to protest austerity measures in what became known as the “thawra.” These were the largest mass protests seen in the country's modern history. The Lebanon Uprising of 2019 puts the revolution in its historical and regional context and also follows the huge transformations that have been unraveling in Lebanon ever since. The book is a unique source of testimonies that brings to the fore the voices of those scholars, activists, researchers, and journalists who took part in the protests or were closely involved in the unfolding events. These accounts include stories about specific events and struggles, views of the uprising from various regions of the country, and reflections on topics such as the labor struggle, disability, the student movement, foreign interventions, the struggle for preserving environmental spaces, the role of refugees and non-Lebanese within the movement, and women and queer participation. The book situates the protests within the historical, political, economic, social, and environmental foundations of the Lebanese polity, as well as in the broader context of a "second wave” of Arab uprisings and a global wave of upheavals in 2019, making this book a testament to the rich history of protests and activism in the country. It features some primary documents, including photos and other materials that were disseminated in the streets and over social media platforms, making this book an important resource of first-hand knowledge.

This book is focused on militarization as the nucleus of EU space policy and the interrelatedness of European security, industrial competitiveness, and military capabilities in the shaping of this policy. The EU and key member states have increasingly joined the US, China and Russia, among others, in regarding space assets as critical military, as well as economic, industrial, and technological, enablers. This book tackles this issue by, first, shedding light on the military aspects of EU space policy, with special emphasis on the security and defence dimensions of projects such as Galileo, Copernicus, Space Situational Awareness, and Satellite Communication. In this context, contributors confront the empirical aspect of developments, including the role of different institutional actors and the involvement of specific member states. Further, the volume analyses the discursive, ideological, normative, and theoretical foundations of the use of space by the EU for strategic purposes, drawing on the broad spectrum of European integration/International Relations theory. Last, but not least, the volume discusses initiatives outside the EU by key global space players, with an emphasis on the US and transatlantic space relations. All chapters maintain a solid empirical foundation, in the form of geographical or issue-related focus, with an area-specific emphasis on the EU as a whole, transatlantic relations, the policies of key member states (such as France and Italy), and core space powers such as the US, China and India. This book will be of much interest to students of space power, security studies, European politics and International Relations.

The moment in the sun for special operations sometimes appears to have passed, seemingly eclipsed by preparations for potential conflict under the guise of "great power" competition, combined with failure in Afghanistan. Yet the war in Ukraine serves as a reminder that special operations play an even greater role today?before, during and presumably after conflict. The challenge remains dealing with current irregular and hybrid threats, at the same time as preparing for an uncertain future, as threats and technologies evolve at a dizzying pace. Focusing too much on the future of conventional warfare creates a void in national security discussions related to special operations. This book seeks to fill that gap, drawing on the expertise of scholars and practitioners in the field, from the Indo-Pacific, Europe and the United States, to answer what, if anything, special operations can or should seek to do, and how. The contributors explore such topics as proxies, non-state special forces, capabilities, innovation and transformation, artificial intelligence, and special operations in space and cyberspace. These chapters are united by their analysis that special operations will have future strategic and operational value, for allies and adversaries alike, provided that difficult choices are made in the present.

"Deploying Feminism tells the story of how the military has been delegated authority to advance gender equality while tackling increasingly complex threats. NATO, the world's foremost alliance, has embedded these ideas in the planning and execution of its missions. Indeed, Women, Peace and Security norms are being integrated into military processes, but not necessarily as intended. Armed forces value one thing above all else: operational effectiveness; they are trained to stay focused on mission objectives and lines of efforts. For troops deployed on NATO missions, this means seeking out women in their operating area to improve intelligence gathering activities. This helps the mission, surely, but are the women better off? Through military implementation, the focus on gender equality fades, there is a consistent distortion of Women, Peace and Security norms. Based on fieldwork in Iraq, Kosovo and the Baltics, this book details why and how these norms are militarized and put at the service of NATO's operational effectiveness"--

"Book abstract: The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance examines how artificial intelligence (AI) interacts with and influences governance systems. It also examines how governance systems influence and interact with AI. The handbook spans forty-nine chapters across nine major sections. These sections are (1) Introduction and Overview, (2) Value Foundations of AI Governance, (3) Developing an AI Governance Regulatory Ecosystem, (4) Frameworks and Approaches for AI Governance, (5) Assessment and Implementation of AI Governance, (6) AI Governance from the Ground Up, (7) Economic Dimensions of AI Governance, (8) Domestic Policy Applications of AI, and (9) International Politics and AI"--