The ageing of society does not stop at company owners. More and more companies have to be handed over to the new generation. This process is a challenge for all parties involved. The support of business transfer assistance is just as essential for the European economy as the promotion of start-ups because both are critical to the development of the European economy. Over 450.000 firms with over two million jobs are transferred to a new owner in the EU-28 each year. Around one-third of these transfers fail, and the companies are closed. The future growth and sustainability of innovative companies in the Baltic Sea Region are severely limited by failed business transfers. Furthermore, due to a lack of available and appropriate successors, many firms are liquidated rather than transferred. This publication is part of the project INBETS (www.inbets.eu), highlights the background to the current situation of business transfers in the Baltic Sea Region, and proposes a policy program to promote business successions and open up new target groups of potential successors. Part-financed by the European Union (European Development Fund and European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument) within the INBETS project. This publication does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Commission.

A sound promotion of innovation is essential for the future of the Baltic Sea Region, in particular to support the small- and medium sized enterprises. For this purposes stakeholders from medium-sized businesses, science, politics, and administration met at the seventh Hanseatic Conference in May 2012 in Hamburg. For two days the participants discussed about "Innovation and innovative strategies in the regional policy around the mare balticum" to further strengthen the region. It became evident, that a sustainable promotion of innovation demands a closer cooperation within the regions, on a transnational level but also between administrations and especially between companies and R&D institutions. The Baltic Sea area will only be one of the most innovative and strong regions in the world, if the bordering countries build a unit. This publication included the presented papers and summarizes the discussion of the participants.

To remain competitive in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must increase their innovation capacity and close the gap between qualification requirements and demands. Human capital is the most important resource for increasing productivity and innovation. As a result, the "Knowledge Alliance for Human Resources and Organizational Development" project was launched and ran from 2017 to 2021. The project of eleven partners from four countries placed a high value on increased collaboration between universities and businesses in order to promote education and innovation. The most important findings are included in this publication. First, through R&D work at universities, SME-specific methods, instruments, and projects are developed, tested, and implemented, resulting in workplace innovations in areas such as employee recruitment, motivation, and digitization, a more innovative working environment, and more efficient use of human capital. Second, through qualifications, small and medium-sized enterprises in the Baltic Sea Region's awareness and competencies in this new area of innovation promotion was strengthened.

Meeting the challenges in the fields of energy, climate and environmental protection requires comprehensive reorientation and forward-looking innovations. These tasks must be mastered by SMEs against the background of the following problems: - blatant & growing shortage of skilled workers - large qualification deficits, especially in the Green Economy - loss of attractiveness & low qualification of school-based VET - low rates of further training & insufficient orientation of offers to SME needs - ageing of entrepreneurs & high, growing shortage of young people (demographic change) - failure of business transfers & low rates of business start-ups - low innovation rates & insufficient productivity - not enough cooperation between universities and SMEs & a lack of teaching geared to SME needs - comparably low internationalization of SMEs & many vocational training providers To meet these challenges, 22 project partners from 7 countries and 70 associated partners from 13 countries have developed, operated and ensured the long-term continuation of eight centres of vocational excellence for the green economy. The centres introduce dual education and implement a wide range of measures in vocational training, further education and higher education, which are developed, tested and evaluated in the project. The eight center developed and implemented 7 Train the Trainer programs, 59 vocational trainings, further education and study programs, 5 tools and support programs and 10 concepts and political strategy programs. The educational measures cover Green Economy, Digitalization and Entrepreneurship. Vocational and educational counselling and innovation support for SMEs were developed and implemented.

ABOUT THIS PUBLICATION In many EU countries there is a severe shortage of young skilled workers, especially in SMEs, which has a negative impact on their growth prospects and competitiveness. Even countries such as Germany, with its dual vocational training system, which has traditional strengths in attracting young talent, are having increasing difficulties in meeting the shortage of young skilled workers. There is a need of renewing the HR-Management in many SMEs to better attract and integrate young talent and to provide owners and employees with the necessary knowledge and skills. This project has collected best practices and developed a SME centred HR-concept including digital models, as well as various training programmes with different measures for SME managers leading to the implementation of a modern and holistic human resource management. Vocational Training Providers are equipped with the necessary materials and training programs to qualify their staff and SMEs and their employees in their sphere of influence. This publication contains the relevant curricula, application notes and experiences as a result of the project REGROW with the following partners: Hanse-Parlament (DE), Berufsakademie Hamburg (DE), Chamber of Crafts Opole (PL), Chamber of Crafts Poznan(PL), Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (EE), IBC International Business College Kolding (DK) and Arbeit und Zukunft e.V. (DE).

Around 99 % of all EU companies are SMEs which provide up to 70 % of all jobs. Generally, SMEs have good future growth prospects, however they are specifically well equipped to solve environmental problems, hence grow in the green economy. Nowadays, the biggest bottleneck is the significant skills shortage in most economic sectors while job vacancies in SMEs and overall unemployment, in particular youth unemployment, is steadily growing. A a result of cooperation between educational institutions and industry entities, work-based learning has become a prominent tool to eliminate bottlenecks and create conditions for further growth in innovative market segments. To continuously coordinate education and skills requirements, and address skills shortages, higher education institutions along with education and training providers, and economic chambers from 7 countries built up and established an alliance for the following sectors: "Water, Wastewater, Waste and Circular Economy". This alliance was then extended to 13 countries with 74 education and labour market actors and continues to perform its duties as the "Eco Innovation" centre of competence in the long term. This publication contains the relevant curricula, application notes and experiences as a result of the project WWW&CE with the following partners: Hanse-Parlament (DE), Panevezys Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Crafts (LT), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (LT), Vilnius Builder Trainings centre (LT), Hungarian Association of Craftsmen Corporation (HU), Kontiki-Szakkepzö Zrt (HU), Chamber of Craftmanship and Enterprise in Bialystok (PL), Bialystok Foundation of Professional Training (PL), Nordic Forum of Crafts (NO), Satakunta University of Applied Sciences (FI), Wirtschafts-Förderungsinstitut der Wirtschaftskammer Steiermark (AT).

Marketing Challenges in Transition Economies of Europe, Baltic States and the CIS is a collection of conceptual and empirical articles on the developments of markets, marketing orientation, and marketing strategy in the transition economies of Eastern and Central Europe, the Baltic States, and the CIS. This unique book includes conceptual frameworks and research studies that will illuminate topics, such as marketing institutional development, marketing orientation, and foreign direct investment to help you gain a better understanding of the current and future roles of marketing in transition economies.

Marketing Challenges in Transition Economies of Europe, Baltic States and the CIS is a collection of conceptual and empirical articles on the developments of markets, marketing orientation, and marketing strategy in the transition economies of Eastern and Central Europe, the Baltic States, and the CIS. This unique book includes conceptual frameworks and research studies that will illuminate topics, such as marketing institutional development, marketing orientation, and foreign direct investment to help you gain a better understanding of the current and future roles of marketing in transition economies.

The ageing of society does not stop at company owners. More and more companies have to be handed over to the new generation. This process is a challenge for all parties involved. The support of business transfer assistance is just as essential for the European economy as the promotion of start-ups because both are critical to the development of the European economy. Over 450.000 firms with over two million jobs are transferred to a new owner in the EU-28 each year. Around one-third of these transfers fail, and the companies are closed. The future growth and sustainability of innovative companies in the Baltic Sea Region are severely limited by failed business transfers. Furthermore, due to a lack of available and appropriate successors, many firms are liquidated rather than transferred. This publication is part of the project INBETS (www.inbets.eu), highlights the background to the current situation of business transfers in the Baltic Sea Region, and proposes a policy program to promote business successions and open up new target groups of potential successors. Part-financed by the European Union (European Development Fund and European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument) within the INBETS project. This publication does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Commission.