Optical microscopy is one of the most frequently used tools in chemistry and the life sciences. However, its limited resolution hampers the use of optical imaging to many other relevant problems in different disciplines. Super-Resolution Microscopy (SRM) is a new technique that allows the resolution of objects down to a few billionth of meters (nanometers), ten times better than classical microscopes, opening up opportunities to use this tool in new fields. This book describes the theory, principles, and practice of super-resolution microscopy in the field of materials science and nanotechnology. There is a growing interest in the applications of SRM beyond biology as new synthetic materials, such as nanoscale sensors and catalysts, nanostructured materials, functional polymers, and nanoparticles, have nanoscopic features that are challenging to visualize with traditional imaging methods. SRM has the potential to be used to image and understand these cutting-edge man-made objects and guide the design of materials for novel applications. This book is an ideal guide for researchers in the fields of microscopy and materials science and chemistry as well as graduate students studying physics, materials science, biomedical engineering, and chemistry. Key Features: Contains practical guidance on Super-Resolution Microscopy (SRM), an exciting and growing tool that was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2014 Provides a new perspective targeting materials science, unlike existing books which target readers in chemistry, life science, and biology Targets students in its core chapters, while offering more advanced material for professionals and researchers in later chapters

High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has become a most powerful method for investigating the internal structure of materials on an atomic scale of around 0.1 nm. The authors clearly explain both the theory and practice of HREM for materials science. In addition to a fundamental formulation of the imaging process of HREM, there is detailed explanation of image simulationindispensable for interpretation of high-resolution images. Essential information on appropriate imaging conditions for observing lattice images and structure images is presented, and methods for extracting structural information from these observations are clearly shown, including examples in advanced materials. Dislocations, interfaces, and surfaces are dealt with, and materials such as composite ceramics, high-Tc superconductors, and quasicrystals are also considered. Included are sections on the latest instruments and techniques, such as the imaging plate and quantitative HREM.

This volume contains an updated description of the experimental methods currently used in both Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy as well as the principles of electron optics and an outline of the most recent instrumental developments.The authors introduce the fundamental principles at the basis of the different techniques, the approximation used in the development of the theories, their range of validity, while stressing how to get microstructural information relevant in Materials Science.

This new volume, Microscopy Applied to Materials Sciences and Life Sciences. focuses on recent theoretical and practical advances in polymers and their blends, composites, and nanocompos¬ites related to their microscopic characterization. It highlights recent accomplishments and trends in the field of polymer nanocomposites and filled polymers related to microstructural characterization. This book gives an insight and better understanding into the development in microscopy as a tool for characterization. The book emphasizes recent research work in the field of microscopy in life sciences and materials sciences mainly related to its synthesis, characterizations, and applications. The book explains the application of microscopic techniques in life sciences and materials sciences, and their applications and state of current research carried out. The book aims to foster a better understanding of the properties of polymer composites by describing new techniques to measure microstructure property relationships and by utilizing techniques and expertise developed in the conventional filled polymer composites. Characterization techniques, particularly microstructural characterization, have proven to be extremely difficult because of the range of length-scales associated with these materials. Topics include: •Instrumentation and Techniques: advances in scanning probe microscopy, SEM, TEM, OM. 3D imaging and tomography, electron diffraction techniques and analytical microscopy, advances in sample preparation techniques in-situ microscopy, correlative microscopy in life and material sciences, low voltage electron microscopy. •Life Sciences: Structure and imaging of biomolecules, live cell imaging, neurobiology, organelles and cellular dynamics, multi-disciplinary approaches for medical and biological sciences, microscopic application in plants, microorganism and environmental science, super resolution microscopy in biological sciences. •Materials Sciences: materials for nanotechnology, metals alloys and inter-metallic, ceramics, composites, minerals and microscopy in cultural heritage, thin films, coatings, surfaces and interfaces, carbon based materials, polymers and soft materials and self-assembled materials, semiconductors and magnetic materials. Polymers and inorganic nanoparticles. The volume will be of significant interest to scientists working on the basic issues surrounding polymers, nanocomposites, and nanoparticulate-filled polymers, as well as those working in industry on applied problems, such as processing. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of this research, the book will be valuable to chemists, materials scientists, physicists, chemical engineers, and processing specialists who are involved and interested in the future frontiers of blends.

Electron Microscopy in Material Science covers the proceedings of the International School of Electron Microscopy held in Erice, Itsaly, in 1970. The said conference is intended to the developments of electron optics and electron microscopy and its applications in material science. The book is divided into four parts. Part I discusses the impact of electron microscopy in the science of materials. Part II covers topics such as electron optics and instrumentation; geometric electron optics and its problems; and special electron microscope specimen stages. Part III explains the theory of electron diffraction image contrast and then elaborates on related areas such as the application of electron diffraction and of electron microscopy to radiation; computing methods; and problems in electron microscopy. Part IV includes topics such as the transfer of image information in the electron microscope; phase contrast microscopy; and the magnetic phase contrast. The text is recommended for electron microscopists who are interested in the application of their field in material science, as well as for experts in the field of material science and would like to know about the importance of electron microscopy.

This comprehensive reference work provides an overview of, and practical guide to, the various computer-aided microscopical techniques used in materials science today. After introducing the reader to the basic concepts of optics, the interactions between light and matter, and image processing, the book goes on to discuss in depth both 2D reflection microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The application of these techniques to the characterisation of materials is abundantly illustrated by hundreds of photographs and illustrations, and through specific case studies. There is also discussion of other modern optical imaging techniques and of non-optical ones such as x-ray micrography. This reference text is essential both for beginners looking for an introduction to the subject as well as advanced materials researchers in the fields where optical microscopy is used. - Major reference work on the application of microscopy techniques to materials science research - Includes over 420 photographs and illustrations - Provides detailed coverage of the major light microscopical techniques including optical reflection microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy as well as novel techniques such raman microscopy, tomography and microtomography

This book features reviews by leading experts on the methods and applications of modern forms of microscopy. The recent awards of Nobel Prizes awarded for super-resolution optical microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy have demonstrated the rich scientific opportunities for research in novel microscopies. Earlier Nobel Prizes for electron microscopy (the instrument itself and applications to biology), scanning probe microscopy and holography are a reminder of the central role of microscopy in modern science, from the study of nanostructures in materials science, physics and chemistry to structural biology. Separate chapters are devoted to confocal, fluorescent and related novel optical microscopies, coherent diffractive imaging, scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy in all its modes from aberration corrected and analytical to in-situ and time-resolved, low energy electron microscopy, photoelectron microscopy, cryo-electron microscopy in biology, and also ion microscopy. In addition to serving as an essential reference for researchers and teachers in the fields such as materials science, condensed matter physics, solid-state chemistry, structural biology and the molecular sciences generally, the Springer Handbook of Microscopy is a unified, coherent and pedagogically attractive text for advanced students who need an authoritative yet accessible guide to the science and practice of microscopy.

This book gives the basic theoretical background needed to understand how electron microscopes allow us to see atoms, together with highly practical advice for electron microscope operators. It covers the usefulness of seeing atoms in the semiconductor industry, in materials science, in condensed matter physics, and in biology.

The revised edition of this renowned and bestselling title is the most comprehensive single text on all aspects of biomaterials science. It provides a balanced, insightful approach to both the learning of the science and technology of biomaterials and acts as the key reference for practitioners who are involved in the applications of materials in medicine. - Over 29,000 copies sold, this is the most comprehensive coverage of principles and applications of all classes of biomaterials: "the only such text that currently covers this area comprehensively" - Materials Today - Edited by four of the best-known figures in the biomaterials field today; fully endorsed and supported by the Society for Biomaterials - Fully revised and expanded, key new topics include of tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and new clinical applications, with new teaching and learning material throughout, case studies and a downloadable image bank