Focusing both on international comparisons and on the personal histories of many of the pioneers, Bonner shows how European and American women gradually broke through the wall of resistance to women in medicine many choosing initially between inferior women-only institutions at home (e.g. pre-Civil War America, Tsarist Russia, Victorian England) and integrated medical schools in Switzerland and France.

An innovatively packaged literary anthology published to commemorate the International Polar Year-and remind us what we're in danger of losing. The Arctic and Antarctic ice shelves have been an object of obsession for as long as we've known they existed. Countless explorers, such as Richard Byrd, Ernest Shackleton, and Robert Falcon Scott, have risked their lives to chart their frozen landscapes. Now, for the first time in human history, we are in legitimate danger of seeing polar ice dramatically shrink, break apart, or even disappear. The Ends of the Earth, a collection of the very best writing on the Arctic and Antarctic, will simultaneously commemorate four centuries of exploring and scientific study, and make the call for preservation. Stocked with first-person narratives, cultural histories, nature and science writing, and fiction, this book is a compendium of the greats of their fields: including legendary polar explorers and such writers as Jon Krakauer, Jack London, Diane Ackerman, Barry Lopez, and Ursula K. LeGuin. Edited by two contemporary authorities on exploring and the environment, and published to coincide with the International Polar Year, The Ends of the Earth is a memorable collection of terrific writing-and a lasting contribution to the debate over global warming and the future of the polar regions themselves.

To the Ends of the Earth offers a unique insight into the evolution of map-making and the science behind it, from the stone age to the digital age.

Get ready to travel to the polar regions of our planet and learn more about the Arctic Circle and Antarctica. Readers will discover the plant life and animals that live in these harsh climates and the special traits that help them survive.

From Sir John Franklin's doomed 1845 search for the Northwest Passage to early twentieth-century sprints to the South Pole, polar expeditions produced an extravagant archive of documents that are as varied as they are engaging. As the polar ice sheets melt, fragments of this archive are newly emergent. In The News at the Ends of the Earth Hester Blum examines the rich, offbeat collection of printed ephemera created by polar explorers. Ranging from ship newspapers and messages left in bottles to menus and playbills, polar writing reveals the seamen wrestling with questions of time, space, community, and the environment. Whether chronicling weather patterns or satirically reporting on penguin mischief, this writing provided expedition members with a set of practices to help them survive the perpetual darkness and harshness of polar winters. The extreme climates these explorers experienced is continuous with climate change today. Polar exploration writing, Blum contends, offers strategies for confronting and reckoning with the extreme environment of the present.

Columbus is the first blazing star in a constellation of European adventurers whose right to claim and conquer each land mass they encountered was absolutely unquestioned by their countrymen. How a system of religious beliefs made the taking of the New World possible and laudable is the focus of Kadir's timely review of the founding doctrines of empire. The language of prophecy and divine predestination fills the pronouncements of those who ventured across the Atlantic. The effects of such language and their implications for current theoretical debates about colonialism and decolonization are legion. Kadir suggests that in this supposedly postcolonial era, richer nations and the privileged still manipulate the rhetoric of conquest to justify and serve their own worldly ends. For colonized peoples who live today at the "ends of the earth," the age of exploitation may be no different from the age of exploration.

'An epic of survival' -- MICHAEL PALIN 'A "grade-A classic"' -- SUNDAY TIMES 'Utterly enthralling' -- GEOFF DYER, GUARDIAN 'Deeply engrossing' -- NEW YORK TIMES LISTED AS A BOOK OF THE YEAR IN THE TIMES, NEW STATESMAN, SUNDAY TIMES The harrowing, survival story of an early polar expedition that went terribly wrong, with the ship frozen in ice and the crew trapped inside for the entire sunless, Antarctic winter August 1897: The Belgica set sail, eager to become the first scientific expedition to reach the white wilderness of the South Pole. But the ship soon became stuck fast in the ice of the Bellinghausen sea, condemning the ship's crew to overwintering in Antarctica and months of endless polar night. In the darkness, plagued by a mysterious illness, their minds ravaged by the sound of dozens of rats teeming in the hold, they descended into madness. In this epic tale, Julian Sancton unfolds a story of adventure gone horribly awry. As the crew teetered on the brink, the Captain increasingly relied on two young officers whose friendship had blossomed in captivity - Dr. Frederick Cook, the wild American whose later infamy would overshadow his brilliance on the Belgica; and the ship's first mate, soon-to-be legendary Roald Amundsen, who later raced Captain Scott to the South Pole. Together, Cook and Amundsen would plan a last-ditch, desperate escape from the ice-one that would either etch their names into history or doom them to a terrible fate in the frozen ocean. Drawing on first-hand crew diaries and journals, and exclusive access to the ship's logbook, the result is equal parts maritime thriller and gothic horror. This is an unforgettable journey into the deep.

What risks did the early plant collectors take to bring us the plants we know and love? Who foudn what and where? And how similar are their finds to the plants we grow today? Christian Lamb has been to extraordinary lengths to find out. This lively and richly-illustrated book is all about the special plants that Christian grows in her small garden in Cornwall, which she calls her 'Living Plant Museum'.

The European explorers who dared to face the perils of the unknown have in recent times become shrouded in controversy. No longer esteemed as heroes, except in their homelands, these bold explorers are now seen as purveyors of disease, destruction and slavery whose only interests were finding gold, becoming famous, and spreading their religious beliefs. But, as the author of this work points out, these explorers broke down long-standing myths and broadened the world's horizons. Beginning with Prince Henry the Navigator's worldly vision of finding a direct sea route to India and concluding with Ferdinand Magellan's quest to be the first man to sail around the world, this work tells the collective story of the numerous explorers who sought to find a path to the exotic spices and other treasures of the Far East. Most of the explorers included in this work were of the same generation and several of them even sailed together. The book also examines the political, social and economic factors that ushered in the age of exploration and had such an impact upon the explorers.

Many people have heard of the Camino de Santiago, the network of pilgrim trails in Spain that lead to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, northwest Spain. Some of those people have walked it. Even more have considered walking it. Still others are fascinated by the adventure but do not see it as an adventure they would do. If you find yourself in any of these three characterizations, this book is for you. If you have walked a camino, you will enjoy the stories as they bring back memories of your walk. If you are considering walking a Camino, the information will better acquaint you with what to expect. If you enjoy stories of adventure, this book will let you walk in the authors shoes in ways you never thought possible. A fun read, full of adventures, mishaps, fun times, missteps, and spiritual moments.