Mariarosaria Taddeo provides a systematic analysis of the ethical challenges that arise from the use of AI for national defence. Her work builds a framework for the identification, evaluation, and resolution of these challenges, with the goal of advancing relevant academic debate and informing the ethical governance of AI in defence.

This volume examines how the adoption of AI technologies is likely to impact strategic and operational planning, and the possible future tactical scenarios for conventional, unconventional, cyber, space and nuclear force structures. In addition to developments in the USA, Britain, Russia and China, the volume also explores how different Asian and European countries are actively integrating AI into their military readiness. It studies the effect of AI and related technologies in training regimens and command structures. The book also covers the ethical and legal aspects of AI augmented warfare. The volume will be of great interest to scholars, students and researchers of military and strategic studies, defence studies, artificial intelligence and ethics.

An international and interdisciplinary perspective on the adoption and governance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in defence and military innovation by major and middle powers. Advancements in AI and ML pose pressing questions related to evolving conceptions of military power, compliance with international humanitarian law, peace promotion, strategic stability, arms control, future operational environments, and technology races. To navigate the breadth of this AI and international security agenda, the contributors to this book include experts on AI, technology governance, and defence innovation to assess military AI strategic perspectives from major and middle AI powers alike. These include views of how the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, the European Union, and Russia see AI/ML as a technology with the potential to reshape military affairs and power structures in the broader international system. This diverse set of views aims to help elucidate key similarities and differences between AI powers in the evolving strategic context. A valuable read for scholars of security studies, public policy, and STS studies with an interest in the impacts of AI and ML technologies.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing field that has captured the attention of researchers, businesses, and the public. AI has the potential to revolutionize various industries and transform the way we live, work, and communicate. However, it also poses ethical challenges that must be addressed to ensure its development and deployment align with our values and principles. This book aims to provide an in-depth understanding of AI, its history and evolution, its benefits and challenges, and its ethical implications. Chapter 1 lays the foundation by introducing the concept of AI, its types, and applications, as well as its benefits and challenges. Chapter 2 explores the ethical considerations of AI, including its impact on society, healthcare, education, transportation, customer service, cybersecurity, gaming, business, law, blockchain, search engines, and big data analytics. It also discusses the importance of ethical considerations in the development and deployment of AI. This book is intended for students, researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and anyone interested in gaining a comprehensive understanding of AI and its ethical implications. It is our hope that this book will contribute to a thoughtful and responsible development of AI that reflects our shared values and aspirations.

Mr.Chitra Sabapathy Ranganathan, Associate Vice President, Mphasis Corporation, Arizona, USA

This edited volume explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming international conflict in cyberspace. Over the past three decades, cyberspace developed into a crucial frontier and issue of international conflict. However, scholarly work on the relationship between AI and conflict in cyberspace has been produced along somewhat rigid disciplinary boundaries and an even more rigid sociotechnical divide – wherein technical and social scholarship are seldomly brought into a conversation. This is the first volume to address these themes through a comprehensive and cross-disciplinary approach. With the intent of exploring the question ‘what is at stake with the use of automation in international conflict in cyberspace through AI?’, the chapters in the volume focus on three broad themes, namely: (1) technical and operational, (2) strategic and geopolitical and (3) normative and legal. These also constitute the three parts in which the chapters of this volume are organised, although these thematic sections should not be considered as an analytical or a disciplinary demarcation. This book will be of much interest to students of cyber-conflict, AI, security studies and International Relations. The Open Access version of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

The defense industry develops, produces, and sells weapons that cause great harm. It operates at the intersection of the public and private sectors, with increased reliance on technology companies. Although such firms exist primarily to serve their host states, they routinely interact with foreign legal systems and diverse cultures. This context creates unique ethical challenges. That being the case, is the defense industry ethically defensible? How should it be regulated? How should it respond to worrisome technological developments such as autonomous weapons systems? How should business be conducted in countries where bribery is the norm? To what extent can this industry's intrinsic ethical problems be overcome? This book addresses such questions, bringing together the diverse perspectives of scholars and practitioners from academia, government service, the military, and the private sector. It aims to inform a discussion about the moral and legal challenges facing the global defense industry and to introduce solutions that are innovative, effective, and practical.

This book addresses issues of legal and moral governance arising in the development, deployment, and eventual uses of emerging technologies in military operations. Proverbial wisdom has it that law and morality always lag behind technological innovation. Hence, the book aims to identify, enumerate, and constructively address the problems of adequate governance for the development, deployment, and eventual uses of military technologies that have been newly introduced into military operations or which will be available in the near future. Proposals for modifications in governance, the book argues, closely track the anxieties of many critics of these technologies to the extent that they will proliferate, prove destructive in unanticipated ways, and partially or wholly escape regulation under current treaties and regulatory regimes. In addition to such concerns in domestic and especially in international law, the book addresses ethical norms in the professions involved in the design and eventual use of specific technologies, principally involving the professional norms of practice in engineering and the military (as well as biomedical and health care practice), which impose moral obligations on their members to avoid reckless endangerment or criminal negligence in the course of their activities. Thus, in addition to exploring the application of existing legal regimes and moral norms, the book examines how these professions might develop or improve the voluntary constraints on forms of malfeasance that are enshrined in their histories and codes of best practices. This book should prove of great interest to students of ethics, military studies, philosophy of war and peace, law, and international relations.

This annual edited volume explores a wide range of topics in digital ethics and governance. Included are chapters that: analyze the opportunities and ethical challenges posed by digital innovation; delineate new approaches to solve them; and offer concrete guidance on how to govern emerging technologies. The contributors are all members of the Digital Ethics Lab (the DELab) at the Oxford Internet Institute, a research environment that draws on a wide range of academic traditions. Collectively, the chapters of this book illustrate how the field of digital ethics - whether understood as an academic discipline or an area of practice - is undergoing a process of maturation. Most importantly, the focus of the discourse concerning how to design and use digital technologies is increasingly shifting from ‘soft ethics’ to ‘hard governance’. Then, there is the trend in the ongoing shift from ‘what’ to ‘how’, whereby abstract or ad-hoc approaches to AI governance are giving way to more concrete and systematic solutions. The maturation of the field of digital ethics has, as this book attempts to show, been both accelerated and illustrated by a series of recent events. This text thereby takes an important step towards defining and implementing feasible and effective approaches to digital governance. It appeals to students, researchers and professionals in the field.