This report analyses the factors which motivate land use by rural populations and provides a context for any policy or strategy which addresses natural resource conservation in the Sahel. The author suggest that production systems in the Sahel have reached or even exceeded their capacity to respond to the needs of a growing population and further that development aid has only had a negligible impact on the trend to over exploit. It offers a different perspective on issues concerning the Sahel.

Through a number of case studies from the West African Sahel, this book links and explores natural resources management from the perspectives of politics, property and production.

The World Conservation Union brings together states, government agencies, and a diverse range of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in a unique world partnership that seeks to influence, encourage, and assist societies throughout the world to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature as well as to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. This book contains case studies in environmental communication and education that were presented at the General Assembly workshop of the World Conservation Union held in January 1994. The book is divided into three sections: the first seeks to provide some bases for planning education and communication, the second looks at NGO education programs, and the third addresses planning education at the national level. Papers include: (1) "Influences on Pro-environmental Practices" (Joy Palmer); (2) "Behaviour, Social Marketing, and the Environment" (William Smith); (3) "A Basis for Environmental Education in the Sahel" (Raphael Ndiaye); (4) "Communication: An Instrument of Government Policy" (Agnes Gomis and Frits Hesselink); (5) "Seabird Conservation on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence: The Effects of Education on Attitude and Behaviour towards a Marine Resource" (Kathleen Blanchard); (6) "Environmental Education Programmes for Natural Areas: A Brazilian Case Study" (Suzana Padua); (7) "Addressing Urban Issues Through Environmental Education" (Shyamala Krishna); (8) "The CAMPFIRE Programme in Zimbabwe: Changes of Attitudes and Practices of Rural Communities towards Natural Resources" (Taparendava Maveneke); (9) "IUCN in Environmental Education in Western Africa and the Sahel" (Monique Trudel); (10) "A Matter of Motivation" (Ibrahim Thiaw); (11) "Education and Communication Support to the Establishment of Protected Area Systems" (Rutger-Jan Schoen); (12) "Canada: National Environmental Citizenship Initiative" (T. Christine Hogan); (13) "The Netherlands: Inter-departmental Cooperation on Environmental Education" (Peter Bos); (14) "Scotland: Developing a National Strategy for Environmental Education" (John C. Smyth); (15) "Spain: The Coordination of Environmental Education" (Susana Calvo); (16) "Australia: Community Involvement in Conservation of Biological Diversity" (Chris Mobbs); (17) "Australia: Education and Extension: Management's Best Strategy for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park" (Donald J. Alcock); (18) "Nepal: Environmental Education and Awareness as Elements of the National Conservation Strategy" (Dadri Dev Pande); (19) "Zambia: Environmental Education" (Juliana Chileshe); and (20) "Ecuador: Raising Environmental Awareness" (Marco Encalada). (JRH)

'The book's radical message "save livelihoods not just lives" should be on the desk of every policy-maker concerned with relief and development and demands a rethink of policy and practice across the board.' - Robert Chambers, Institute of Development Studies 'A book on development I really enjoyed. An entriguing story emerges: the real expert on saving lives and livelihoods are the people facing famine and insecurity themselves. This book details the evolution of the local food monitoring system, showing that by concentrating on what people can do in response to change, rather than what they cannot do, we can devise more permanent and effective responses to food insecurity than emergency food aid distribution.' - Mike Aaronson, Save the Children Poor people living in high-risk environments live continuously with uncertainty which often threatens their livelihoods. They have therefore developed effective means of predicting and responding to large fluctuations in rainfall, harvest levels and natural resource production. These methods of prediction and response often out-perform conventional early warning systems promoted by donors and governments, and yet are rarely considered in the conception and implementation of food security programmes.

This is a comprehensive reference work, textbook, and sourcebook on the environmental education policies implemented in industrialized and developing nations since initiation of the benchmark UNEP-UNESCO International Environmental Education Programme at the Belgrade Workshop in 1975. The contributing authors cover both historical and international perspectives with particular reference to the 1992 debates in Rio. The book presents new information on areas for future action in teacher training, university-level environmental education for developing countries, and environmental education projects and networks for students and adults.