During the last several generations, developments in the field of education and child guidance have begun to corroborate a set of ideas and observations presented here, which were first presented in Europe during the first third of the last century and refined during the last third. Many of these concepts, which were controversial when first suggested, are now being further developed and are becoming generally accepted by modern psychologists and educators. The focal point for corrective child-raising procedures has shifted toward changing the interaction between parent and child as the fact that parents often need specific instruction in child-raising has found wider acceptance. Today we need-and are developing-new traditions for raising children, which will better conform to the democratic principles for family living which now define and give meaning to the location we now all occupy in the process of democratic evolution in our society. Although many parents may realize that children cannot be treated as they were in the past, they do not know what else to do when children misbehave. Following the specific suggestions which are summarized in this book, many parents have discovered for themselves that these ways to reach children and win their cooperation do indeed work well. As this information, which includes specific methods, has been used and tested by parents for the solution of family problems, it has become evident that the system and procedures are effective. But why do children act as they do? And why do these methods enable parents to succeed? The information included in this book was designed to answer these and related questions as well as to present a set of principles in a form readily usable by parents in the home, teachers in the classroom, and other adults in other circumstances and situations.

Like the majority of children living in the global South today, a large number of Vietnamese youths work to help support their families. International human rights organizations have focused on these children, seeking to bring their lives into line with an understanding of childhood that is generally accepted in the developed world. In this ethnographic study, Rachel Burr draws on her daily observations of working children in Hanoi and argues that these youngsters are misunderstood by the majority of agencies that seek to help them. Most aid programs embrace a model of childhood that is based on Western notions of individualism and bountiful resources. They further assume that this model is universally applicable even in cultures that advocate a collective sense of self and in countries that do not share the same economic advantages. Burr presents the voices and experiences of Vietnamese children in the streets, in a reform school, and in an orphanage to show that workable solutions have become lost within the rhetoric propagated by aid organizations. The reality of providing primary education or adequate healthcare for all children, for instance, does not stand a chance of being achieved until adequate resources are put in place. Yet, organizations preoccupied with the child rights agenda are failing to acknowledge the distorted global distribution of wealth in favor of Western nations. Offering a unique, firsthand look at the experiences of children in contemporary Vietnam, this book also provides a broad analysis of how internationally led human rights agendas are often received at the local level.

The cultural context in which children grow up has a powerful influence on the way they play. At a time of rapid change in post-industrial societies, childhood play is changing to reflect children’s experiences. Adults need to understand that children have their own play culture, which might be different from that of the adults’ own childhoods. Enlivened by the voices of young children engaged in contemporary play, this accessible book enables readers to re-evaluate the contribution of play in childhood. It explores the persistence of fundamental play themes alongside new variations on traditional themes, including: Competitions and games Games of chance and luck The world of make-believe ‘Dizzy play’ This book helps adults to be reflective and to encourage children’s play by understanding and valuing their play culture. It is important reading for early years students and practitioners.

Criminal psychology, and its relationship to the practice of law, has become a topic of major significance over the last three decades. Psychologists play a key role in modern criminal investigation and are central to crime reduction measures such as offender profiling, delinquency prevention and tackling fear of crime. Contributors from North America, Europe and Australia examine this link, both adding to and drawing upon the pool of recent theory construction and empirical work in the following areas: * causes and prevention of offending * studies of crime and offenders * the victim's perspective * witnesses and testimony * studies of legal processes. These issues are studied from a 'local' perspective that recognises not only the need for cross-national comparative research, but also the generation of a corpus of scientific knowledge more representative of the complexity of criminal and legal investigation today.

Suggestions are constantly being made about the kinds of changes schools should make. Research in this text shows that schools are primarily inward-looking, and would benefit from a better understanding of the changes surrounding them and the pressures on them.

Papers presented at the National Seminar on 'Human Rights in a Changing World', held at Pandalam.

IBD and the Elderly.

This six-volume handbook covers the latest practice in technical and vocational education and training (TVET). It presents TVET models from all over the world, reflections on the best and most innovative practice, and dozens of telling case studies. The handbook presents the work of established as well as the most promising young researchers and features unrivalled coverage of developments in research, policy and practice in TVET.