This volume explores the unique qualities of the Polish National Catholic Church--for example, the validity of its Holy Orders has been recognized by the Roman Catholic Church and it is the only Church in America to have had formal Intercommunion with the Protestant Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada.

Polish Americans examines the impact of post-communist changes in Poland and the presence of the third wave of immigrants on Polish communities abroad. It studies this community as a living entity, with internal divisions and conflicts, and explores relations with the home nation and the country of settlement.

At least nine million Americans trace their roots to Poland, and Polish Americans have contributed greatly to American history and society. During the largest period of immigration to the United States, between 1870 and 1920, more Poles came to the United States than any other national group except Italians. Additional large-scale Polish migration occurred in the wake of World War II and during the period of Solidarity's rise to prominence. This encyclopedia features three types of entries: thematic essays, topical entries, and biographical profiles. The essays synthesize existing work to provide interpretations of, and insight into, important aspects of the Polish American experience. The topical entries discuss in detail specific places, events or organizations such as the Polish National Alliance, Polish American Saturday Schools, and the Latimer Massacre, among others. The biographical entries identify Polish Americans who have made significant contributions at the regional or national level either to the history and culture of the United States, or to the development of American Polonia.

A study of ethnic life in the city, detailing the process of adjustment, cultural survival, and ethnic identification among groups such as the Irish, Ukrainians, African Americans, Asian Indians, and Swedes. New to this edition is a six-chapter section that examines ethnic institutions including saloons, sports, crime, churches, neighborhoods, and cemeteries. Includes bandw photos and illustrations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

-- Thomas E. Bird, Polish Review