Suspension and expulsion rates have doubled over the past three decades as zero tolerance policies have become the normal response to a host of minor infractions that extend well beyond just drugs and weapons. Students from all demographic groups have suffered, but minority and special needs students have suffered the most. Derek Black weaves stories about individual students, lessons from social science, and the outcomes of courts cases to unearth an irrational system of punishment. While schools and legislatures have proven unable and unwilling to amend their failing policies, Ending Zero Tolerance argues for constitutional protections to check abuses in school discipline and lays out theories by which courts should re-engage to enforce students' rights and support broader reforms.

Globally an estimated 34 million people have HIV. More than 35 million people have died from the virus, making it one of the most destructive pandemics in history. Today, many scientific advances have been made in HIV treatment, there are laws to protect people living with HIV and we understand so much more about the condition. But despite this, people do not know the facts about how to protect themselves and others from HIV, and stigma and discrimination remain a reality for many people living with HIV. The idea for this book grew out of a institutional consultation by various departments under the patron ship of the director & the dean of AIIMS Bhubaneswar on offering concise and original introductions to a wide range of subjects on HIV/AIDS. This meeting brought experts on HIV/AIDS together with national AIDS programme managers to discuss how HIV/AIDS could be addressed more systematically within existing HIV health sector programmes. The participants recognized that for this goal to be achieved it was necessary to produce an book for programme managers, students and health care staff to provide knowledge about the various guidelines ,address specific types of HIV/AIDS clinical conditions and their management and diagnostic algorithms for screening and identification of HIV positive cases. The process of developing this book has been iterative, with revisions being made continuously through interaction with numerous reviewers, people in the field and, in the final stages, review by the editors with continuous guidance and support by the chief editor. The book is not only thoroughly researched and authoritative – it is very timely, since an epidemic of AIDS and people living with HIV is superimposing itself upon the heavy cost that AIDS is already exacting from men and women throughout the world. This is particularly so in Africa, but also in Western Europe and North America and Asia. The book is important as it reminds the public and Government that HIV has not gone away – there is still a vital need to raise money, increase awareness, fight prejudice and improve education. It gives an opportunity to learn the facts about HIV and put the knowledge into action. If helps to understand how HIV is transmitted, how it can be prevented, and the reality of living with HIV today - this knowledge can be used to take care of one’s health and the health of others, and ensure treating everyone living with HIV fairly, and with respect and understanding. That's why it was decided to create awareness by releasing a concise book on HIV/AIDS at AIIMS Bhubaneswar. The book is timely for a further reason. The UNAIDS has chosen, “Getting to Zero” as the theme for the year 2015. This selected by the World AIDS Campaign (WAC) to commemorate year 2015 World AIDS Day on 1st December. The new theme, that will be used until 2015, echoes the UNAIDS vision of achieving “Zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths. For even though the epidemic has been identifiably present for nearly 30 years, there is still much work to be done – not only in bringing life-saving treatment to everyone who faces death from AIDS, but in shaping insights about how best to deal with AIDS. The grief, pain and loss the pandemic inflicts can make us angry. Ignorance of how HIV is transmitted can make us fearful. HIV-related stigma can make us respond irrationally to those living with the virus. This book will, we think, be very helpful to the programme managers, students and health care staff. The book is well-structured, carefully stated and authoritative. It argues & emphasises a point – “Zero new HIV infections. Zero discrimination. Zero AIDS-related deaths & also provides insight into the various aspects of HIV transmission, diagnostic modalities , social and psychological aspects of AIDS patients with evidence and empathy. Through its information and the authority with which it uses its arguments, this book makes an important contribution to global understanding of policy in the epidemic. The book is not simply a textbook of definitions; each chapter provides trenchant and provocative--yet always balanced and complete--discussions of the central issues in a given topic. Every Very Short Introduction gives a readable evolution of the subject in question, demonstrating how it has developed. Whatever the area of HIV / AIDS related study, each topic will fascinates the reader, the book is a handy and affordable guide that will likely prove indispensable.

The story of activist youth in America is usually framed around the Vietnam War, the counterculture, and college campuses, focusing primarily on college students in the 1960s and 1970s. But a remarkably effective tradition of Black high school student activism in the civil rights era has gone understudied. In 1951, students at R. R. Moton High School in rural Virginia led a student walkout and contacted the law firm of Hill, Martin, and Robinson in Richmond, Virginia, to file one of the five pivotal court cases that comprised the Brown v. Board of Education decision. In 1960, twenty-four Burke High School students in Charleston, South Carolina, organized the first direct action, nonviolent protest in the city at the downtown S. H. Kress department store. Months later in the small town of McComb, Mississippi, an entire high school walked out in protest of the conviction of a student who sat-in on a local Woolworth lunch counter in 1961, guiding the agenda for the historic Freedom Summer campaign of 1964. A New Kind of Youth brings high school activism into greater focus, illustrating how Black youth supported liberatory social and political movements and inspired their elders across the South.

The Oxford Handbook of Children and the Law presents cutting-edge interdisciplinary scholarship on a broad range of topics covering the life course of humans from before birth to adulthood, by leading scholars in each area. Authors present and analyze the law and science pertaining to reproduction; prenatal life (including fetal exposure to toxic substances and abortion); parentage (including biology-based rights, background checks on birth parents, adoption, ART, and surrogacy); infant development; child maltreatment (including corporal punishment and religious defences to abuse and neglect); the child protection system and foster care; child custody disputes between parents; schooling (including financing, resegregation, religious expression in public schools, at-risk students, special education, regulating private schools, and homeschooling); delinquency; minimum-age laws; and child advocacy. It is an essential resource for scholars and professionals interested in the intersection of children and the law.

Personalism points to reforming criminal justice from the person up by changing criminal law and enlisting civil society institutions.

This book offers a research and comparison-driven look at the school-to-prison pipeline, its racial dynamics, the connections to mass incarceration, and our flawed educational climate—and suggests practical remedies for change. How is racism perpetuated by the education system, particularly via the "school-to-prison pipeline?" How is the school to prison pipeline intrinsically connected to the larger context of the prison industrial complex as well as the extensive and ongoing criminalization of youth of color? This book uniquely describes the system of policies and practices that racialize criminalization by routing youth of color out of school and towards prison via the school-to-prison pipeline while simultaneously medicalizing white youth for comparable behaviors. This work is the first to consider and link all of the research and data from a sociological perspective, using this information to locate racism in our educational systems; describe the rise of the so-called prison industrial complex; spotlight the concomitant expansion of the "medical-industrial complex" as an alternative for controlling the white and well-off, both adult and juveniles; and explore the significance of media in furthering the white racial frame that typically views people of color as "criminals" as an automatic response. The author also examines the racial dynamics of the school to prison pipeline as documented by rates of suspension, expulsion, and referrals to legal systems and sheds light on the comparative dynamics of the related educational social control of white and middle-class youth in the larger context of society as a whole.

Explores the failures of family court and calls for immediate and permanent change At the turn of the twentieth century, American social reformers created the first juvenile court. They imagined a therapeutic court where informality, specially trained public servants, and a kindly, all-knowing judge would assist children and families. But the dream of a benevolent means of judicial problem-solving was never realized. A century later, children and families continue to be failed by this deeply flawed court. The End of Family Court rejects the foundational premise that family court can do good when intervening in family life and challenges its endless reinvention to survive. Jane M. Spinak illustrates how the procedures and policies of modern family court are deeply entwined in a heritage of racism, a profound disdain for poverty, and assimilationist norms intent on fixing children and families who are different. And the court’s interventionist goals remain steeped in an approach to equity and well-being that demands individual rather than collective responsibility for the security and welfare of families. Spinak proposes concrete steps toward abolishing the court: shifting most family supports out of the court’s sphere, vastly reducing the types and number of matters that need court intervention, and ensuring that any case that requires legal adjudication has the due process protections of a court of law. She calls for strategies that center trusting and respecting the abilities of communities to create and sustain meaningful solutions for families. An abolitionist approach, in turn, celebrates a radical imagination that embraces and supports all families in a fair and equal economic and political democracy.

Consulting Editor, Dr. Bonita Stanton is serving as Guest Editor along with Dr. Danielle Laraque-Arena for this important issue of Pediatric Clinics of North America to address violence against children. This never-before published issue is broken into three sections, addressing The War against Children, Case Studies, and Interventions to Reduce Violence to Children. Expert authors have contributed clinical review articles that provide guidance on providing care to pediatric victims of violence and abuse. Articles are specifically devoted to the following topics: Global Burden of Violence: Overview and Epidemiology; Operating Principles and Competencies for Engagement; Violence Against Children: Recognition, Rights, Responses; Forcible Displacement, Migration and Violence on Children and Families; An Eye on Disparities, Health Equity, and Racism: The case of Firearm Injuries in Urban Youth in the US and Globally; Rural Communities and Violence; Attacks against Schools, Hospitals, Places of Worship and Other Public Spaces: Mass Shootings; Sexual Violence Against Children; War, Conflict, Terrorism, and the Status of Children; Racism and Other Systems of Structural Inequities as Violence Against Children; Domestic Violence and its Effects on Women, Children and Families; Executions and Police Conflict Involving Children and Young Adults; Community-Engaged and -Informed Violence Prevention Interventions; and Global Humanitarian Access for Children. Pediatricians will come away with the information they need to improve outcomes and violence-prevention interventions for their patients.

The 2010 mega-scams created a crisis of trust in governance and the leadership. Seeking solutions, N. Vittal analyses the record of the institutions involved and traces the roots of the growing rot to the decline of accountability in public life, the lack overall of transparency in governance, besides general greed and decline in integrity. As a prominent insider in government for over four decades, he believes that greater transparency and use of technology and ensuring there is no alternative can reform our system. The curb on use of money power in state elections and the 2010 landmark judgement in the case of P.J. Thomas’s appointment as Central Vigilance Commissioner are such steps. Through greater application of Right to Information, strengthening of watchdog bodies like the judiciary or the Central Election Commission, and choosing people of integrity and commitment to man them, besides an alert civil society and media, Vittal is optimistic of achieving a clean India.